From Roman construction to medieval stone removal, Venetian-era preservation, archaeological research and the modern cultural venue.
1st century — construction
The amphitheatre took shape during the first century. Croatian encyclopedic sources describe an early, smaller Augustan phase, enlargement under Claudius and the final form under the Flavian dynasty. The Archaeological Museum also places construction in the first century and notes imperial financing.
AD 404 — the games end
The official Arena history states that Emperor Honorius prohibited the games in 404 after Christianity became the state religion. Use of the building then diminished significantly.
Middle Ages to 1583 — survival under pressure
For centuries, stone from the interior was reused in buildings and fortifications. Medieval authorities tried to stop the removal. In 1458, Pula’s City Council banned demolition and reuse of monument material. In 1583, a proposal to dismantle the outer wall and move it to Venice was opposed by senator Gabriele Emo.
18th–21st centuries — research and conservation
Archaeological investigation began in the mid-18th century and expanded under Austrian rule. Conservation has continued into modern times, with major 20th- and 21st-century repair campaigns. Today the monument functions simultaneously as archaeological heritage and a cultural venue.
Frequently asked questions
Its construction belongs to the first century, with phases associated with Augustus, Claudius and the Flavian period in Croatian encyclopedic sources.
The official Arena history connects the end of the games with Emperor Honorius’s decree of AD 404.
Yes. In 1583, Venetian authorities considered dismantling the outer wall; Gabriele Emo opposed the plan.
Time-sensitive visitor information is dated and linked to the official Arena Pula / Archaeological Museum of Istria pages. Historical dimensions and monument facts are based primarily on museum documentation and the Croatian Encyclopedia.
